Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of essential oils of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) on the control of Acanthoscelides obtectus in laboratory conditions. The extraction of the oils was executed by the hydro-distillation method in a Clevenger device, for 4 hours and the design used was completely randomized, with five replications, in a 10x8 factorial arrangement (dozes and exposition time) with ten concentrations (20; 10; 5; 2.5; 1.75; 0.75; 0.5; 0.25 and 0.0% and Tween® 5.0%). Each replication was comprised by 10 unsexed insects of A. obtectus. The variables evaluated are as follows: control efficiency and CL50 through the Proc Probit analysis. The evaluations were carried out in 1, 2, 3, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after the treatment. The results demonstrate that the essential oils of cloves and thyme caused 100% of mortality after 48 and 72 hours, respectively, in the 20% concentration. The Cl50 was estimated at 30.46 µL mL-1 for the oil of cloves and 24.93 µL mL-1 for the oil of thyme. The use of essential oils of cloves and thyme represent a viable alternative for use in storehouses for the integrated management of A. obtectus.

ABSTRACT The expansion of higher education is associated with the progressive diversification of student’s profiles, such as the increasing number of older, working and female students. The transition to higher education poses challenges for students entering it, generating expectations that can impact academic adaptation. This study compared academic expectations by gender and work situation in two cohorts of first-year students from a Brazilian public university, involving 13,336 participants. The Brazilian Scale of Academic Expectations for First-Year University Students was administered. Non-working and female students had higher academic expectations in both cohorts. The findings provide subsidies to higher education institutions to develop support programs and policies targeting first-year students.

RESUMO A expansão da educação superior está associada à progressiva diversificação dos perfis discentes, tais como aumento do número de estudantes mais velhos, trabalhadores e mulheres. A transição para o ensino superior comporta desafios para os estudantes que nele ingressam, gerando expectativas que podem impactar a adaptação acadêmica. Este estudo comparou as expectativas acadêmicas por gênero e situação de trabalho em dois coortes de estudantes ingressantes em uma universidade pública brasileira, envolvendo 13.336 participantes. Utilizou-se a Escala Brasileira de Expectativas Acadêmicas para Estudantes Ingressantes na Educação Superior. Estudantes mulheres e não trabalhadores apresentaram maiores expectativas acadêmicas em ambas as coortes. Os resultados fornecem subsídios às instituições de ensino superior para desenvolvimento de programas de apoio e políticas voltadas aos estudantes ingressantes.

ABSTRACT Bean is among the most consumed and produced crops in Brazil. Given the high demand for food, the search for technologies and controllers to increase the efficiency of agricultural systems has grown. This study aimed to model artificial neural network (ANN) architectures to predict mechanical efficiencies in the semi-mechanized bean harvest. We used a multilayer perceptron network with three inputs (harvest moisture, threshing rotor rotation, and feed rate), two hidden layers of neurons, and one output (efficiency). We evaluated the efficiency in the header, separation on the threshing rotor, cleaning of sieves, and the total efficiency of the machine. ANN was processed by a scripted algorithm to model the network, alternate the number of neurons in hidden layers, as well as to select, test, and validate ANN with less error. ANN was validated by comparing its results with the experimental data. The architectures selected to predict efficiencies were 3-8-15-1 for the header, 3-9-7-1 for the thresher and separation, 3-5-11-1 for cleaning, and 3-15-10-1 for the total operation. ANN predicted satisfactory results with errors below 1% and a high hit rate, thus being valid to predict the efficiencies in the semi-mechanized bean harvest.

ABSTRACT Overactive bladder is a symptom complex consisting of bothersome storage urinary symptoms that is highly prevalent among both sexes and has a significant impact on quality of life. Various antimuscarinic agents and the beta-3 agonists mirabegron and vibegron are currently available for the treatment of OAB. Each drug has specific pharmacologic properties, dosing schedule and tolerability profile, making it essential to individualize the medical treatment for the patient's characteristics and expectations. In this manuscript, we review the most important factors involved in the contemporary pharmacological treatment of OAB.

RESUMO O controle da ferrugem asiática da soja depende da eficácia do fungicida e da tecnologia de aplicação empregada, entretanto, a arquitetura foliar de cada cultivar de soja também pode ser um fator a interferir no controle da doença. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a deposição de calda fungicida e o controle da ferrugem asiática da soja utilizando pontas de pulverização em três cultivares de soja. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com tratamentos arranjados no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, em que as parcelas eram três cultivares de soja (SYN 1561 IPRO, M6410 IPRO e M6210 IPRO) e as subparcelas três pontas de pulverização (11002 BD, AIXR 110015 e TTJ60 11002), e uma testemunha sem aplicação, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados o diâmetro mediano volumétrico, cobertura de gotas, índice de área foliar (IAF), área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença, massa de 1000 grãos e produtividade da soja. Os bicos 11002BD e AIXR11005 fornecem melhor deposição de calda naquelas cultivares com menores índices de área de foliar, no estágio fenológico da soja R1. Os bicos 11002BD, AIXR110015 e TTJ60 fornecem controle da ferrugem asiática comparada ao tratamento controle, independentemente do índice de área de folha da cultivar. A cultivar SYN1561 apresentou a maior produção de grãos e o maior índice de área de folha, independentemente do bico de pulverização utilizado, na época com a maior precipitação pluviométrica.

ABSTRACT The control of Asian soybean rust depends on fungicide efficacy and the application technology; however, the leaf architecture of soybean cultivars may also interfere in disease control. This study aimed to evaluate Asian rust control and fungicide deposition using spray nozzles in three soybean cultivars. A randomized block design was used, with treatments arranged in a split-plot scheme; the plots were three soybean cultivars (SYN 1561 IPRO, M6410 IPRO, and M6210 IPRO) and the subplots three spray nozzles (11002 BD, AIXR 110015 and TTJ60 11002), in addition to a control with no fungicide application, and four replicates. The volume median diameter, droplet coverage, leaf area index, area under the disease progress curve, 1,000-grain weight and crop yield were evaluated. The 11002BD and AIXR11005 nozzles provided better spray deposition in cultivars with lower leaf area indexes at the R1 phenological stage. Nozzles 11002BD, AIXR110015 and TTJ60 ensured better management of Asian rust than that of the control treatment, regardless of leaf area index. Cultivar SYN1561 obtained the largest grain yield and highest leaf area index in the season with the highest rainfall, regardless of the spray nozzle used.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on clinical and surgical practice, educational activities, health and lifestyle behavior of Brazilian urology residents. Materials and Methods: A web-based survey was sent to 468 Brazilian urology residents from postgraduate years (PGY) 3 to 5 to collect data on clinical practice and training after 4 months of COVID-19. We also assessed health-related and behavior changes, rate of infection by SARS-CoV-2, deployment to the front line of COVID-19, residents’ concerns, and access to personal protective equipment (PPE). Results: Massive reductions in elective and emergency patient consultations, diagnostic procedures and surgeries were reported across the country, affecting PGY 3 to 5 alike. Most in-person educational activities were abolished. The median damage to the urological training expected for 2020 was 6.0 [3.4 – 7.7], on a scale from 0 to 10, with senior residents estimating a greater damage (P< 0.001). Educational interventions developed included online case-based discussions, subspeciality conferences and lectures, and grand rounds. Most senior residents favored extending residency to compensate for training loss and most younger residents favored no additional training (p< 0.001). Modifications in health and lifestyle included weight gain (43.8%), reduced physical activity (68.6%), increased alcoholic intake (44.9%) and cigarette consumption (53.6%), worsening of sexual life (25.2%) and feelings of sadness or depression (48,2%). Almost half were summoned to work on the COVID-19 front-line and 24.4% had COVID-19. Most residents had inadequate training to deal with COVID-19 patients and most reported a shortage of PPE. Residents’ concerns included the risk of contaminating family members, being away from residency program, developing severe COVID-19 and overloading colleagues. Conclusions: COVID-19 had a massive impact in Brazilian urology residents´ training, health and lifestyle behavior, which may reflect what happened in other medical specialties. Studies should confirm these findings to help developing strategies to mitigate residents’ losses.

Abstract Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a major fruit pest, which is basicaly controlled using insecticides, which represents a risk to beneficial arthropods, human health and food contamination. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a potential alternative tool for the management of this pest, however, only conflicting data is found regarding the optimal dose to achieve sterility. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of gamma radiation doses (0, 40, 50, 60 and 70 Gy) on male and female reproductive sterility, gonads morphometry, emergence, flight ability, and longevity under nutritional stress of A. fraterculus. Full female sterility was achieved at 50 Gy, while full male sterility was achieved at 70 Gy. Both ovarian and testicular sizes were affected by irradiation, while no influence was observed on the quality parameters evaluated. Our results suggest that 70 Gy applied 48 h before adult emergence can be used to sterilize A. fraterculus in a SIT programme.

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on clinical practice, income, health and lifestyle behavior of Brazilian urologists during the month of April 2020. Materials and Methods A 39-question, web-based survey was sent to all urologist members of the Brazilian Society of Urology. We assessed socio-demographic, professional, health and behavior parameters. The primary goal was to evaluate changes in urologists’ clinical practice and income after two months of COVID-19. We also looked at geographical differences based on the incidence rates of COVID-19 in different states. Results Among 766 urologists who completed the survey, a reduction ≥ 50% of patient visits, elective and emergency surgeries was reported by 83.2%, 89.6% and 54.8%, respectively. An income reduction of ≥ 50% was reported by 54.3%. Measures to reduce costs were implemented by most. Video consultations were performed by 38.7%. Modifications in health and lifestyle included weight gain (32.9%), reduced physical activity (60.0%), increased alcoholic intake (39.9%) and reduced sexual activity (34.9%). Finally, 13.5% of Brazilian urologists were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and about one third required hospitalization. Urologists from the highest COVID-19 incidence states were at a higher risk to have a reduction of patient visits and non-essential surgeries (OR=2.95, 95% CI 1.86 – 4.75; p< 0.0001) and of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 (OR=4.36 95%CI 1.74-10.54, p=0.012). Conclusions COVID-19 produced massive disturbances in Brazilian urologists’ practice, with major reductions in patient visits and surgical procedures. Distressing consequences were also observed on physicians’ income, health and personal lives. These findings are probably applicable to other medical specialties.

RESUMO A produção agrícola brasileira demanda novas construções rurais, mais sustentáveis, econômicas e adaptadas ao clima. Além disto, estas construções deixaram de ser simples alojamentos, mas também uma forma de valorização dos trabalhadores rurais. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi a criação de um modelo de programação linear de otimização para auxiliar a tomada de decisão na combinação de diferentes técnicas e materiais construtivos, visando avaliar combinações de custo e conforto para unidades habitacionais rurais. O estudo utilizou a problemática de localização de instalações em redes, para através de analogias adaptar uma matriz orçamentária, aplicando três critérios de escolha, sendo custo, tempo de execução e condições de conforto ambiental proporcionado. O modelo foi composto por seis sistemas construtivos, três tipos de alvenaria de fechamento, dois tipos de estrutura de cobertura e quatro tipos de telhas. Foram realizadas simulações para dois Estados brasileiros, com a mesma data base para validação e comparação. Cada variável de entrada resultou em um modelo construtivo diferente. Verificou-se viabilidade de novas tecnologias construtivas baseadas na industrialização, por possuirem agilidade de execução, preços competitivos e matéria-prima sustentável, e na combinação dos critérios ao sistema tradicional de concreto armado. A programação linear permitiu ao usuário atender suas necessidades sobre tomadas de decisão do sistema construtivo, otimizando tempo e recurso.

ABSTRACT Brazilian agriculture production requires new types of rural buildings that are more sustainable, economical, and well adapted to their environment. Furthermore, these buildings are no longer simple living quarters, but a way of valuing rural workers. Thus, this study aimed to create a linear programming model for optimizing decision-making when different techniques and construction materials are combined to build rural housing dwellings, thereby enabling an assessment of both the cost and comfort of such buildings. The research considered localizing network facilities via analogies in order to adapt a budget matrix. Three main criteria were applied: cost, runtime, and the environmental comfort provided. The model comprised six construction systems, three types of sealing masonry, two types of roofing, and four types of tiles. Simulations were performed for two Brazilian states, considering the same reference date of validation and comparison. Each input variable resulted in a different construction model. It was demonstrated that the new industrialized construction technologies are advantageous since they provide faster execution, competitive prices, and sustainable raw materials, whilst the application of the criteria to the traditional system of reinforced concrete is also feasible. The linear programming model offers its users an additional decision-making tool for construction systems, enabling time and resource optimization.

ABSTRACT Machinery traffic intensification has been recurrent in intensive agriculture in annual crops, which may lead to structural soil degradation and, consequently, a reduction of its productive capacity. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the influence of tractor traffic intensification on soil physical attributes and soybean yield components. The study was performed in an Oxisol under no-tillage for 10 years, using a randomized block design with five tractor traffic intensities (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 passes) and five replications. Density, porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, and penetration resistance were assessed in the soil and stem diameter, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, grain weight per plant, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield were assessed in the soybean crop. Tractor traffic intensification changed soil physical attributes, which were not limiting factors to soybean yield under the no-tillage system, providing higher stem diameter, number of pods per plant, grain weight per plant, and grain yield after 12 passes.

Abstract Terrestrial runoff is a source of sediments and nutrients to coral reefs. Due to runoff, Brazilian reefs are typically turbid, and have coral species that are naturally turbidity-resistant. This study investigated how terrestrial input influences population and physiology for the coral Favia gravida on two reefs with differences in river mouth proximity in eastern Brazil. The population structure and physiological traits of F. gravida colonies were assessed on both reefs, then some colonies selected for a subsequent transplantation experiment. The reef less impacted by terrestrial influence showed higher population density and lower recruitment. At this site, the coral colonies displayed higher calcification and larger larvae. The reproductive effort between coral populations at the two sites showed no significant difference. The transplantation experiment confirmed the high physiological plasticity of F. gravida colonies at the more turbid reef site. Despite being regarded as a more challenging environment, where F. gravida has a lower population density, the reef closer to the river mouth appears to secure more nutrients, which may heterotrophically compensate its coral colonies.

ABSTRACT Machine traffic and conventional tillage can cause structural degradation of the soil, affecting the physical attributes and, consequently, the production and longevity of the sugarcane field. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production components of sugarcane cultivars (RB965902, RB985476, RB966928, RB855156, RB975201, RB975242, RB036066 and RB855536) and physical attributes of a Dystroferric Red Latosol (Oxisol) under no-tillage and reduced-tillage systems. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized experimental design in an 8 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four replicates. The soil attributes evaluated were density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity and penetration resistance. The production components evaluated were stalk length and diameter, number of tillers (NT), tons of cane per hectare (TCH), sucrose content (Pol), tons of sucrose per hectare (TPH), soluble solids content (Brix), total recoverable sugars (TRS) and plant fiber. Cultivars RB965902, RB966928, RB855156 and RB985476 have productivity and technological attributes that are superior to the other cultivars, whereas these are lower for RB036066 in both soil tillage systems. Cultivars RB966928, RB855156, RB975242 and RB855536 exhibited higher TCH and TPH in the no-tillage system, and all cultivars displayed equal or higher performances than those observed in the reduced-tillage system. In the no-tillage system, which exhibits lower penetration resistance values between wheel tracks and in the subsurface layer of the planting row (0.20–0.40 m), cultivars RB985476 and RB975242 had a higher NT, and RB855156 had higher stalk lengths and NT.